A bond is simply a loan with a definitive instrument features taken (issued) by an entity from the lender. Here, the entities taking a loan could be governments (central, state or municipal bodies) or companies (PSUs, private corporates, financial institutions etc) and are called as Issuers. Based on this there are Government of India bonds, RBI Bonds, PSUs bonds, Private bonds, tax-free bonds, Capital Gain Tax bonds. The lender could be individuals, corporates, mutual funds, banks or anybody who invests in order to receive periodic income and are called as Investors.
Bonds offer a predictable stream of payments by way of interest and repayment of principal
Bonds generally give higher returns than other fixed income instruments like fixed deposits
Bonds enable wide-based and efficient portfolio diversification and thus assist in portfolio risk-mitigation
Many bonds have interest payout frequency of monthly, quarterly, half-yearly and annual giving a regular income to investors
Most bonds are secured by way of the security of the fixed and/or movable assets of the company which reduces the risk for the investor
As per provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961, any long term capital gains arising from the transfer of any capital asset would be exempt from tax under section 54EC of the Act if:
Power Finance Corporation
Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd
Indian Railway Finance Corporation Ltd
National Highway Authority Of India
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